Learning About the Magnetic Effects of Electric Current- A Comprehensive Guide for CBSE Class 10 Students at Future Classes
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current is an important topic in CBSE Class 10 Science. It explains how a current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it and how this magnetic field interacts with other magnetic fields. It also covers the concepts of electromagnets and their uses. The notes provided by CBSE help in understanding the concepts in a better way.
At our education website, we offer PDF downloads for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter Magnetic Effects of Electric Current. This PDF includes a comprehensive overview of the topics covered in this chapter, including an explanation of the various principles, equations, and concepts related to the topic. Additionally, the PDF includes a range of practice questions and answers to help students better understand the material. Download this PDF today and start studying for your CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter Magnetic Effects of Electric Current exam.
CHAPTER – 12 MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Magnet
Magnet is any substance that attracts iron or iron-like substances.
Properties of Magnet
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Every magnet has two poles i.e., North and South.
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Like poles repel each other.
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Unlike poles attract each other.
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A freely suspended bar magnet aligns itself in a nearly north-south direction, with its north pole towards the north direction.
Magnetic Field
The area around a magnetic in which its magnetic force can be experienced. It is vector quantity.
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Its SI unit is Tesla (T).
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The magnetic field has both magnitude and direction.
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The magnetic field can be described with help of a magnetic compass.
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The needle of a magnetic compass is a freely suspended bar magnet.
Characteristics of Field Lines
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Field lines arise from the North Pole and end into the South Pole of the magnet.
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Field lines are closed curves.
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Field lines never intersect each other
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The direction of field lines inside a magnet is from South to North
Magnetic field due to a current through a straight conductor
The magnetic field lines around a current carrying straight conductor are concentric circles whose centers lie on the wire.
Maxwell’s Right-Hand Thumb Rule
Imagine you are holding a current-carrying straight conductor in your right hand such that the thumb is pointing towards the direction of the current. Then the fingers wrapped around the conductor give the direction of the magnetic field.
Magnetic field due to a current through a circular loop
At every point on a current carrying circular loop, the magnetic field is in the form of concentric circles around it. As we move away from it, the circles would become larger and larger. When we reach the center of loop, the field appears to be a straight line.
Solenoid
A solenoid is defined as a coil consisting of a large number of circular turns of insulated copper wire. These turns are wrapped closely to form a cylinder.
The field lines around a current carrying solenoid are similar to that produced by a bar magnet. This means that a current carrying solenoid behaves as if it has north pole and south pole. The field lines inside the solenoid are parallel to each other.
Thus, the strength of magnetic field is the same, i.e., uniform at all points inside a solenoid.
Electromagnet
The strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of magnetic material like soft iron when placed inside the coil. The magnet so formed is called electromagnet.
The magnetic effect remains only till the current is flowing through the solenoid.
An electromagnet is used in electric bells, electric motors, telephone diaphragms, loudspeakers and for sorting scrap metal.
Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field
When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a force. The force acting is due to interaction between magnetic field produced by the current carrying conductor is placed.
Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule
It states that, if the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left hand are stretched mutually perpendicular to each other, such that the forefinger points along the direction of external magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction of current, then the thumb points towards the direction of force acting on the conductor.
Alternate Current (A.C.)
The current which reverses its direction periodically.
Advantage - A. C. can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of energy.
Disadvantage - A. C. cannot be stored.
Direct Current (D. C.)
The current which does not reverse its direction.
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D. C. can be stored.
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Loss of energy during transmission over a long distance is high.
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Sources of D. C.: Cell, Battery, Storage cells.
Domestic Electric Circuits
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There are three kinds of wires used:
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Live wire (positive) with red insulation cover.
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Neutral wire (negative) with black insulation cover.
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Earth wire with green insulation cover.
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The potential difference between live and neutral wire in India is 220
Earth Wire
Protects us from electric shock in case of leakage of current especially in metallic body appliances. It provides a low resistance path for current in case of leakage of current.
Short Circuit
When live wire comes in direct contact with neutral wire accidentally.
Safety devices
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Electric fuse
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Earth wire
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MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)